All thermoplastic plastic waste from industry and households
can be processed on the production lines by intrusion of profiles, plates and
pallets. Plastics can be contaminated by paper, wood, aluminum and copper as
well as organic materials. Standard performance varies from 80 to 300 kg, and
for special orders up to 600 kg per hour. It is recommended to use a specific
raw material composition of waste being processed - the most optimal is when
the waste content is successively about 60% of PE, 20% PP, 10% PS and 10% of
other plastics. The mixture should not be less than 50% PE, because it creates
- together with PP - a nice outer surface.
Thanks to this, any impurities that are located in
the core of the profile or pallet are covered. In addition, there should be no
more than 30% PP in it. If the amount of polypropylene is too low, the
brittleness of the manufactured products at low temperatures increases. In
addition, it can make it difficult to drive nails into profiles and pallets,
which is required in some applications. It should also be ensured that there is
no more than 20% PS in the mixture, because too much of it creates problems in
obtaining a nice surface of the product.
d1) Scheme of a line for the
production of intrusion profiles is presented in (Fig. 1). The line operation
starts from the material dispensing stage (mixed plastic waste) to the
adiabatic extruder and almost non-pressurized filling of the mold forming the profile.
The pressure in the process only increases slightly at the end of the filling
process. The line is equipped with a fill sensor and a shut-off valve that
closes the extruder nozzle after filling the mold. After filling one mold and
closing the carousel valve, it rotates one position and the process of filling
the next mold begins. Each time the profile shape can be different. At the same
time, at another station, the molded and cooled profile is pushed out of the
mold by means of a pneumatic actuator. The line is equipped with a pneumatic
ejector, mechanical extraction system and a large receiving table. The produced
molds are cooled by a water cooling system that works in a closed system.
Fig. 1 The line for the production of intrusion
profiles from unsorted plastic waste
d2) A line for the production of
pallets works on a similar principle (Fig. 2). In this case, however, the
carousel on which the molds are mounted rotates horizontally, not vertically.
The system of emptying molds is also different, which in this case takes place
in a separate external stand. There is also no water tank, and the molds have
their cooling system or they are cooled in the chamber.
There are also simpler, semi-automatic versions of
pallet production lines available. The principle of their operation is similar
to the other two, except that the transport of the forms from the unloading
position to the pallet removal position and from there to the starting position
is carried out manually. The three wagons transport the molds and keep in line
with the extruder in the raised position during the filling phase, and then
transfer them to the unloading station. Wagons are driven by a chain drive
motor.
Fig. 2 The line for the production of pallets by intrusion
from unsorted plastic waste
Fig. 3 presents a functional
diagram of a typical recycling plant with two lines for the utilization of two
types of waste. The first line is used for processing rigid plastics (with a
crusher and a mill), and the second one for processing the film (with a
crusher, buffer silo and agglomerators). The plant is also equipped with two
independent systems for mixing and drying silos, from which the waste of rigid
plastics and foils are transported to further silos and mixed in appropriate
proportions. There is a re-drying process in them and after the final
preparation, the plastic waste is fed into two typical lines for the production
of profiles and pallets.
The total installed power in this example plant is around
650 kW, and its production capacity varies from 420 to 630 kg of finished
products per hour.
All thermoplastic plastic waste from industry and households can be processed on the production lines by intrusion of profiles, plates and pallets. Plastics can be contaminated by paper, wood, aluminum and copper as well as organic materials. Syntal is used, inter alia, for gratings, bridges, farm stumps, sewage stones, fences, animal farms, compost boxes, port bumpers, coastal protection against erosion, road markings, protective barriers, earth dams - reinforcements, soundproof walls or fences for landfill (Figure 4).
Fig 4. Examples of applications of Syntal profiles
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